Because uterine leiomyomas display variable sonographic appearances, it is sometimes difficult to establish the correct diagnosis. We reviewed ten pelvic conditions misdiagnosed as uterine leiomyomas, and seven proven cases of uterine myomas in which sonographic diagnoses of other pelvic conditions were made erroneously. An Awarness of these potential problems may be heplful in making the correct diagnosis of uterine leiomyomas.